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Traditional vs Far-Infrared Sauna - Comparison and contrast -by Craig Lahti
If you are interested in heat bathing, you have probably read many
articles regarding the health benefits of traditional sauna,
far-infrared sauna, and steam baths. Today, we are going to look at the
biggest debate, which is between traditional sauna and far-infrared
sauna.
To begin: "
The sauna you will use the most is the best sauna.” Thus, this article is not to address the question of "What’s better—
Traditional Sauna or
Far-Infrared Sauna?” Rather, we’ll explore the differences between the sauna types and why you might prefer one over the other.
If you enjoy steam in the sauna, higher temperatures and a more
social environment, then traditional sauna may be the best sauna for
you. If you prefer lower temperatures but with body-penetrating heat,
far-infrared sauna may be your best sauna choice.
First, let us look at the similarities of the rooms and the shared
benefits. The goal of sauna bathing varies by person, but let’s assume
your general goal is to enjoy the benefits of heat bathing: relaxation
and stress reduction,
sweating (with the associated detoxification)
and relieving aches and pains. Both sauna types provide these benefits,
although the conditions under which the benefits are achieved are quite
different.
The benefits of heat bathing have much to do with the sauna creating a
self-induced fever. As Hippocrates, the Father of Medicine observed,
"Give me fever and I can cure every disease.” While this statement is
hyperbole, it does point to the healing power of an increased body
temperature.
Both sauna types will be relatively dry. The far-infrared rooms tends
to be close to normal house humidity levels unless it has been on for
extended periods of time. The traditional sauna will be drier (10% or
lower) until water is sprinkled over the rocks. The traditional sauna is
the only bath in the world where the user controls both temperature and
humidity, with humidity controlled to user liking by how much water is
thrown on the rocks. In far-infrared saunas you control the temperature,
but the humidity is whatever it is
While perspiring in either sauna, you will experience deep
relaxation, sore muscles are loosened, and aching joints will likely
feel relief. The process of perspiration burns some calories, though the
amount of calories burned is debatable and is dependent upon the
individual. Most of the weight lost in a sauna is water loss and is
re-gained upon rehydrating. However, without a doubt sauna can be an
important part of a healthy weight loss program.
To look at the differences between traditional and IR saunas, I will
separate these into verifiable, theoretical, and fabricated differences.
The verifiable differences are temperature, method of heat, heat-up
time, amount of energy used for typical sized room, and the social
experience.
The temperature for a traditional sauna typically ranges between 150
and 185º F. In the United States, Underwriters Laboratory (UL) dictates
that the maximum temperature at ceiling level is 194º F (90º C). Thus,
the hottest point in the sauna—which is at the ceiling directly above
the sauna heater—is typically between 185 and 190º F. Claims that a
traditional sauna exceeds 200º F is simply not true and not applicable
for electric saunas sold in the US.
The temperature for a far-infrared sauna is usually set between 120
and 140º F; however, unlike the traditional sauna, the goal in and IR
room is not to achieve a high temperature. Instead, in a far-infrared
room, the bather wants the emitters to remain active because infrared
energy is only being emitted (therefore providing the benefit of the
deep penetrating infrared heat) when the emitters are on. Because of
this, the temperature difference is almost irrelevant, since profuse
sweating results in both sauna types, but the method of heating the body
is different. In an IR sauna the bather will feel hot and will sweat
profusely, but at much lower temperatures. Thus, if the goal is to spend
longer periods of time in the sauna, the IR sauna is a good choice.
In a traditional sauna, perspiration is achieved when the bather
enters a heated room. When a traditional sauna has been properly heated,
the sauna walls are warm, the air temperature has achieved set
temperature and the rocks are super heated. As an interesting side note,
the heated walls and the rocks are emitting far-infrared heat, combined
with the heated air, to create an "enveloping heat”. The process for
heating the room most often involves an electric heater that heats a
compartment of stones, which then radiate the heat throughout the room.
When the high temperature is achieved, the elements cycle on and off to
maintain the high temperature. Most traditional sauna users enjoy
pouring water over the rocks to create steam to raise sauna humidity
levels. The benefits of pouring water over the rocks include: making the
room more comfortable, moistening the nasal passages, and allowing the
use of aromatherapy by mixing essential oils with the water.
There is an on-going worldwide trend with traditional sauna bathing
for "lower temperatures and higher humidity”—the so-called "soft sauna”.
In a far-infrared sauna, the heat waves penetrate the body to
effectively heat the body and raise the body core temperature. To
achieve this increased temperature, Far-infrared emitters create
infrared energy which is close to the same wavelength as that which the
body naturally emits—often referred to as the "Vital Range” of 7 to 14
microns), so the energy is well received by the body. The infrared
energy deeply penetrates the skin and warms the muscles and joints. When
the energy enters the body, it causes the body temperature to increase
and ultimately results in perspiration. In an infrared sauna it’s
important for the emitters/heaters to remain on almost constantly. Since
there is no mass of rocks to retain heat, the sauna will cool if the
emitters shut off. Thus, even though most of the energy is turned into
efficient infrared energy, IR saunas are designed for almost continuous
operation of the infrared emitters. As mentioned above, the sauna bather
in an infrared room wants to position himself in front of operating
emitters to get maximum benefit from the heat.
The heating time for the two rooms can be very different, depending
on how the rooms are used. For a traditional sauna, a bather should
allow 30-40 minutes for the room to achieve a desired temperature and to
properly pre-heat the rocks. This heating time is dependent upon the
ambient temperature from which the room begins heating, the amount of
insulation in the walls, and the ventilation provided in the room. A
well constructed sauna will typically achieve a temperature of 150-160º F
in about 30-40 minutes. For hotter temperatures, the room may need to
heat for a longer period. Once the room achieves set temperature, the
heater will cycle on and off, typically operating about 50% of the time.
The insulated walls and the heated rocks will keep the room hot and at
stable temperatures. Many sauna users enjoy staying in the sauna after
the elements have timed out (a 60 minute timer is standard on all
residential saunas).
For a Far-Infrared room, a person may begin bathing when the room is
turned on, since the infrared energy is being emitted by the heaters;
however, many bathers would prefer to wait until the room is 110º F or
hotter. Over the weekend, I worked a trade show, and I turned our
infrared sauna on with an ambient room temperature of 70º F degrees, and
within 15 minutes, the room had exceeded 100º F . There are two schools
of thought with how to use the room. To some, 15 minutes was "wasted”
while the infrared energy heated the wood panels rather than heating a
body, while others find a pre-heated room to be more comfortable and
believe an elevated starting temperature is necessary to begin
perspiring.
The length of recommended use for each room is approximately the same
(10-15 minutes per session); however, due to the lower air temperatures
and the ability to feel the effects of infrared heat faster than a
traditional sauna, it is not uncommon for a person to spend a total of
20-30 minutes in an infrared sauna. There are many medical
practitioners, especially in Canada, who prescribe 30 minute infrared
sauna sessions for their patients. Regardless of which heat system is
used, the bather must closely monitor how he feels while using the room,
and he must be sure to drink plenty of water during the break between
sessions.
From an economic and ecologic standpoint, energy use has become a
more important factor in consumers’ decision making. Neither room will
cause a substantial increase in a household electric bill, but I will
compare one of the most common traditional sauna sizes to one of the
most common infrared sauna sizes. Traditional saunas tend to be larger
(hence use more electricity) than infrared saunas, although traditional
saunas are certainly available in one and two person sizes as well.
For a two-person traditional sauna, 5x6 or 5x7 size is most popular.
The top bench can comfortably seat two or three people and is also long
enough to lie down during the sauna session. This room uses a 4.5 kW
heater, 240 volt, 1 phase power; it draws 18.8 amps and requires a
dedicated line and breaker. The average cost per kWH of electricity in
the U.S. is approximately $0.11 (varies by region),
so a 4.5 kW heater will cost approximately $.50 to run for one hour, if
the heater runs continuously for one hour. Typically a sauna heater
will run for 75% of the first hour and 50% of subsequent hours on since
the elements cycle once the set temperature is achieved. Thus, a 4.5 kW
heater will cost about $.37 the first hour and $.25 each subsequent hour
of continuous use.
A two person far-infrared room is usually physically smaller than a
traditional sauna, often about 4’ x 4’ or smaller. The IR heating system
is typically 1.5-1.7 kW using a 120 volt 15 amp plug-in service. Since
the room can be used sooner than a sauna room, we will assume the room
is used for ½ to ¾ of an hour including heat up time. At $0.11 / kWH, a
two person infrared room will cost $0.18 to run for 1 hour, but because
the IR sauna most likely not on for a full hour, realistically the room
will cost about $.10 per use.
Finally, there is a seldom discussed difference in the social
experience between the two rooms. While our culture has lost some of the
social benefit of the traditional sauna experience, it can be very
socially rewarding. From family time in the sauna, to heart-felt
conversations with significant others, to sauna parties—the traditional
sauna experience can lead to intimate socializing. Traditional saunas
are typically large enough to allow multiple people to enjoy the sauna
for social time. Though a sauna session may only be 10-15 minutes at a
time, when time allows the sauna can be used in multiple "innings”; the
experience of heating the sauna, preparing to use the sauna, talking
while in the sauna, and relaxing after the sauna can be very therapeutic
and rewarding.
While it is possible to converse in an infrared room, due to the
smaller room sizes and room design the typical experience of the
infrared room is often more of a private escape. Most higher end
infrared rooms include colored light therapy, AM/FM/CD/MP3 radios and in
some cases TVs. The size of most rooms allow for 2 people to
comfortably use the room, while some designs may allow for a 3rd or 4th
person to use the room. Custom infrared rooms are available, but given
the need to be in close proximity to the infrared emitters, the range of
available sizes is not as great as a traditional sauna.
As you prepare to purchase your sauna, please keep an open mind to
both experiences. If you cannot decide which is best for you, consider
an
InfraSauna
which combines both traditional and far-infrared in one room—where the
user decides what type of sauna he/she is in the mood for at "sauna
time”.
When you research your purchase, carefully read relevant information;
consider for yourself how you plan to use your sauna and what health
benefits seems relevant. Carefully sort out claims by some manufacturers
of superior health or safety benefits. The truth is, both types of
saunas have the benefits of heat bathing. Your goal is to find a sauna
that fits your wellness plan, your space available and your budget. As I
stated in the beginning, "The sauna you will use the most is the best
sauna.”
If you require further assistance in determining which room best meets your needs,
contact SoCal Sauna for more information
who carries BOTH traditional sauna and far-infrared sauna. Their
interest is in meeting your needs rather than promoting and selling only
one product. If you are using heat bathing as part of a recommended
program by a doctor, ask your physician for her advice given your
medical history.